Office Design

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<img src="https://counter.theconversation.edu.au/content/63875/count.gif" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1">
GUEST OBSERVER
A lot of Australian building codes don’t actually refer to the maximum number of people a building should fit.
That’s what researcher Agustin Chevez found when he started to delve into how a better office might look.
As the type of work we do changes, it becomes less about the tasks you do and more about your reactions to and relations with those you work with, Chevez says.
So you need to be able to tell how many people should ideally fit in a space, but that’s not all.
Offices also need to take into account what makes us human, and our varying personalities.
To hear the interview in full, <a href="https://theconversation.com/business-briefing-a-better-way-to-design-an-office-63875" target="_blank">click here</a>.
Jenni Henderson is assistant editor, Business and Economy, The Conversation and can be contacted <a href="https://theconversation.com/au/team#jenni-henderson" target="_blank">here</a>.
Agustin Chavez is adjunct research fellow, Centre For Design Innovation, Swinburne University of Technology and author for The Conversation. He can be contacted <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/agustin-chevez-120649" target="_blank">here</a>.
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A better way to design an office

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<img src="https://counter.theconversation.edu.au/content/79497/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-advanced" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1">
GUEST OBSERVER
The phrase “coworking spaces” may conjure up images of tech-savvy millennials working for startups in converted warehouses. Add in the obligatory ping-pong tables, bean bags and beer on tap. 
But our report on the Australian coworking industry shows much more is going on in these spaces than this cliché. We found more than 300 coworking spaces are operating across Australia, up from only 60 spaces in 2013.
Rather than just catering to one type of worker, coworking spaces are used by people from different backgrounds, professions and ages. We also found the majority (53%) of Australia’s coworking spaces are in or around the CBD of our major cities. Sydney and Melbourne take the lion’s share overall, where our coworking industry first started out. 
Most coworking spaces target small-business workers, who tend to be in professional services and creative or knowledge-based work. They are also more likely to be living in our major cities. 
However, newer coworking spaces are emerging on city fringes (7%) and in our regional towns (15%). These spaces focus on supporting local employment opportunities and bringing businesses together for economic development. 
The form and function of these regional spaces are often inspired by city-based models. As an example, The Creative Fringe in Penrith, on the outskirts of Sydney, seeks to drive local innovation and collaboration.
Beyond the tech start-up hub
There’s a trend we found where coworking spaces are popping up in locations geared towards supporting lifestyle choices of professionals who want a “sea change”. 
The Gold and Sunshine Coasts in Queensland and the Central Coast in New South Wales have a surprisingly high number of coworking spaces. Other popular seaside locations include Byron Bay and the South Coast of NSW.
One example of this type of space is Cows Near the Coast. It’s on the main street in Bega, South Coast NSW, and actively encourages “sea-changers” to join their community. 
We also found certain recurring types of spaces. One type focuses specifically on high-end professionals wanting to work in style and impress their corporate clients, often located on the top floors of CBD high-rises. Gravity coworking spaces are a good example of this type.
In contrast to this corporate atmosphere, we found some coworking spaces are also the home of social enterprises. These spaces support typically younger people to combine business know-how with their passion for community impact, specialising in supporting their altruistic visions. 
These spaces have none of the gloss of many other coworking spaces. You’ll find recycled furniture and inspiring quotes emblazened on the walls in these spaces. The Common Room at Vibewire in Sydney epitomises this type.
For many smaller towns and regions, coworking spaces are where ﬁercely proud locals go to take action around the future of their community. BizBuddyHub in Point Cook, Victoria, is an example of this. This coworking community was set up with a campaign advocating for a space for locals who would otherwise have to commute into Melbourne. 
Who owns and runs coworking spaces?
Around 75% of coworking spaces in Australia are owned and run as private businesses. The majority of these (54%) are run as a separate business, for profit, under private ownership. 
Small-business owners are also enhancing their appeal to existing and future clients by starting up these coworking spaces. In our research, we found 21% of all Australian coworking spaces are run as ancillary to an operator’s regular small-business activities. 
Not-for-profit coworking spaces make up 8% of Australian spaces, usually established to pursue a social causes, such as reducing youth unemployment. Some of the most well-established coworking spaces in Australia are set up as non-profit organisations.
A small numbers of coworking spaces are state or local government funded (6%) with an aim to support economic development in that region.
Recently a number of corporate-owned coworking spaces (7%) have emerged, which are primarily set up to support their own customers, such as small business customers, who use these spaces to grow their business. Good examples of these include The Village at National Australia Bank, and Australia Post’s Small Business Hive at Geelong.
Commercial real estate operators are also exploring coworking as a way to facilitate a sense of community in multi-tenanted office towers, such as Dexus Place.
Coworking spaces operated by universities (4%) are the latest addition to the industry, supporting alternative career choices for students, and deeper engagement with industry. 
The future of coworking
Coworking spaces are now found in at least 89 countries, spanning six continents. Best guesses indicate that by the end of this year there will be over 14,000 spaces worldwide. 
Coworking spaces facilitate work in ways that other workplaces can learn from. They go beyond simple “hot-desking” and the open plan work settings which many of us have become familiar with. They are places where people are welcomed and hosted, with regular social and learning events that engage members and their guests. This creates a real sense of community and belonging. 
This is something that larger organisations are starting to look for inspiration. Recently, WeWork, the world’s largest coworking operator, has started designing workplaces on behalf of large corporations. Many Australian corporates are engaged in partnerships or sponsorship of coworking spaces, with some simply supporting their employees to work flexibly from them. 
The diversity of coworking spaces we found in this study means that these spaces can cater to a variety of workers, allowing them to collaborate with other interesting businesses and professionals from all walks of life. 
These coworking spaces offer examples of how work can be transformed to have a greater focus on community and belonging. The humanity we found in our coworking spaces offers us hope for the future of work which, under constant threat of disruption and automation, will no doubt continue to play an important role in our lives and in forming our work identities.
<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/tim-mahlberg-272846" target="_blank">Tim Mahlberg</a> is PhD Researcher, University of Sydney and author for <a href="https://theconversation.com/au" target="_blank">The Conversation</a>.
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Australian coworking spaces cater to a more diverse crowd than just young tech entrepreneurs

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<img src="https://counter.theconversation.edu.au/content/75200/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-advanced" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1">
GUEST OBSERVER
Recent reports estimate that by 2020 1.55 billion workers will be responsible for work that does not confine them to a desk. Already, up to 80 percent of employees work at least one day a week out of the office.
Co-working, where employees and the self-employed share workspace, ideas and knowledge, started in 2005 in San Francisco. Once the domain of techies working on start-ups, co-working spaces continue to evolve rapidly.
In 2017 it is estimated over one million people will work from co-working spaces. In 2016, a single co-working company recorded a valuation of US$16 billion dollars, highlighting the growth of an industry that didn’t exist just over a decade ago.
Users of co-working spaces often report feeling that they are part of a social movement. In co-working spaces, helping each other out, even those you have just met, is the norm. Indeed, the co-working movement prides itself on a set of core values, community, openness, collaboration, sustainability and accessibility.
This can be a refreshing change for many employees where the design of the workplace and the politics of their organisation means they are simply too tired, stressed or distracted to help their colleagues. Globally, organisations such as Merck, GE and the Guardian newspaper are regularly using co-working spaces for their employees. Research shows that users report increases in learning, new networks and the benefits of working close to the users of their services or products.
The promise of these anecdotal stories is now being supported in emerging research. In a study reported in Harvard Business Review, researchers from the University of Michigan found that users of co-working spaces experienced greater meaning from their work, and experienced thriving at work far more than their office based colleagues. Additionally, with many choosing to work from co-working spaces closer to home, commuting times and traffic congestion are reduced.
Some research however indicates that the inherently social nature of co-working spaces may lead to similar issues experienced by regular office users such as distraction and lack of privacy. Another study found that the co-working space itself was not enough to encourage connections and collaboration, and that a space host may be necessary to catalyse these relationships.
These changes to the way we work are bringing a focus on both the role of the stand alone workplace, and the design of cities. As co-working spaces evolve to meet the demand of workers for flexible, autonomous and creative work environments, broader changes are occurring in how we work and live.
Co-working spaces offer the potential to address other challenges facing our future cities as they provide accessible space for individuals to work, attend learning events and become part of a like minded community. This is important given predictions regarding changes to the urban landscape.
The Australian Bureau of Statistics predicts a 65 percent increase in the number of single person households in Australia. For Australia particularly, housing affordability continues to be a significant issue. As governments and cities grapple with ways to address these issues, new projects in the collaborative economy are showing promise in addressing a number of these issues.
In London, the world’s largest co-living community opened its doors to 550 residents. While residents have their own units with bedroom, bathroom and kitchenette, the project offers all inclusive rent with access to a restaurant, co-working spaces, wifi, gym, cinema, spa, larger kitchens and dining rooms. Aside from convenience and flexibility, early indications suggest that co-living residents are attracted to the sense of community.
While empirical research on co-living is yet to emerge, 96 percent of residents of co-housing communities report increased life satisfaction according to research.
As similar projects are underway globally, research suggests this trend will increase as solutions are offered for adults at all life stages.
Libby Sander is lecturer, Bond Business School, Bond University and author for The Conversation. She can be contacted <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/libby-sander-143232" target="_blank">here</a>.
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Co-working is evolving to combine co-living

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<img src="https://counter.theconversation.edu.au/content/57114/count.gif" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1">
GUEST OBSERVER
Looking back on the changes in office design over the past 30 years, it is easy to see why some employees feel as if they have been subjects in a giant ongoing experiment.
For decades the office has moved from private, to open plan and more recently, no desk at all. These changes have been driven almost simultaneously by the push to reduce real estate cost and to also increase collaboration among employees.
While savings in real estate costs appear to have been achieved, the negative effects of the open plan office on employees have now been well documented. A large body of research shows these offices are noiser; employees have difficulties concentrating and are unable to hold private conversations.
The promise of increased collaboration in open plan appears to have very little evidence to support the idea. A study of more than 42,000 employees found that open plan office environments did little to increase interaction.
Given all this evidence, it is perhaps unsurprising that a recent study by Oxford Economics found the impact of open-plan office design is far greater than executives realise. The report found both productivity and employee peace of mind suffers in the open workplace. Although there appears to be a growing realisation of the negative effects, the results showed few companies have effective strategies in place to address the problems.
Another key issue in the open plan office is that it doesn’t cater to either differences in individuals or differences in the type of work that needs to be undertaken. The time workers are spending on collaborative tasks is decreasing, while time on quiet concentrated work is increasing.
In response to these issues, organisations have been experimenting with ways to segment workplaces to overcome these problems. Articles on new office design are peppered with concepts such as “caves”, “campfires”, “town squares” and “city zones”.
The segmented office is based around the idea that different spaces are needed to support different tasks and different personalities. Sleep pods, library spaces, mobile-free zones and cafes are becoming standard features in new office designs.
Employees are encouraged to move between the different areas based on what they are doing at the time. Tasks such as taking a phone call, holding a meeting, doing work that requires focus and quiet or work that needs collaboration with others are all allocated separate areas.
While seen as a positive move by <a href="">some employees</a>, the changes often don’t go far enough to allow concentrated, productive work. What if your co-workers are just noisy people in general?
Julian Treasure, sound consultant and author of the book Sound Business, suggests employees are one-third as productive in open office designs as in quiet rooms. In research I am currently conducting, many employees report that having to find a space to work each morning is tiring, while others resent having to move around to do different tasks.
The practicality of moving to different spaces, carrying laptops, power cords and other documents and materials needed to complete work can be tiresome at best and impractical at worst. The inability to find co-workers when needed appears to be another common complaint in early results of the study I am undertaking, with some employees opting out of IT-based location identification systems in order to not be interrupted.
Other key issues emerging in my research on this topic are that often the number of phone booths and meeting rooms are limited, resulting in wasted time and frustration trying to find somewhere to meet or take a call. When the need for confidential conversations arise, such issues often need to be dealt with immediately. Employees report to me that finding private places to converse in such situations is challenging, and being told to “book a room” or “go to a coffee shop” is not uncommon.
The overall office size in Australia is relatively small. As a result, offices being designed to embrace the segmented idea can end up having a gym with a rowing machine as well as the cafe space within metres of the open plan desk area.
It seems we still have a way to go. Recent research in the Harvard Business Review indicates the push for collaboration is too much of a good thing and staff are increasingly demanding quiet spaces to work where they can focus and concentrate.
With many working from home or other third places to get work done, does the office still matter?
Some authors suggest the office will die out all together. Nikil Saval, in his book Cubed, goes so far as to suggest leisure is over as the office now follows its employees everywhere thanks to the cloud.
Yet the imperative to get it right appears more important than ever. While we may indeed be able to work from anywhere, it seems we still want to come to the office.
Two-thirds of employees prefer to build relationships face-to-face, and the majority prefer to build that connection in an ideal workplace. How we create the ideal workplace remains to be seen.
Libby Sander is lecturer, Bond University, and authors for The Conversation. She can be contacted <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/libby-sander-143232" target="_blank">here</a>.<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/libby-sander-143232" rel="author"></a>
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The backlash against open plan offices: segmented space

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The majority of respondents to a JLL survey at TEDxSydney rate face to face contact very high in the workplace of the future (88 percent) and 59 percent still want a physical workplace but wouldn't create a CBD if they could.
Some, 81 percent liked the idea of an eco-campus where individuals could live, work and play, 57 percent wouldn’t create a CBD and 78 percent of people wanted to create small self-sufficient communities.
Results from the survey were used to create a new white paper from JLL titled ‘Is humanity the future architect?’.
Rajiv Nagrath, JLL’s Australian head of corporate account management said the research found that, despite technological advancements and the potential impacts of robotics and artificial intelligence, there was a desire for a future dependent on people, not machines.
"Even though it was acknowledged that future technology would allow work to be done anywhere, 88 percent of respondents still placed high value on face-to-face interaction in the workplace of the future," he said.
“While technology continues to evolve at a rapid rate, our basic needs and wants of human connection remain consistent with what they were 100 years ago.
“There will still be a desire for continued human engagement, connected communities and workplaces that foster co-working and entrepreneurship."
Richard Fennell, JLL’s Australian head of property and asset management said the results unanimously focused on human connections and a desire to be closer to nature.
"Some 92 percent of respondents wanted to create a responsive workplace that adapts to enhance the health and wellbeing of its inhabitants," he said.
"It seems that amongst our condensed and densely populated skylines, the people living and working within them are craving more open spaces, more air, and more natural materials and environments.
“Buildings in 2050 will respond and adapt to the people within it. For example, when you enter a lobby, the building will receive a biometric reading of your heart rate, general health and even your age. 
"This information will be used to enhance your experience within the building, such as temperature, sound, smell and visual adjustments via implanted devices or wearable technology."
 
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Employees still want a physical workplace in 2050: JLL

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Workplaces of the future could be inflatable. That's the vision to emerge from the “Tomorrow’s Workplace” design competition from Staples Business Advantage and Metropolis magazine.
The entries included a forecast that in 2021, the workplace may include inflatable pods set up in urban parks.
“The massive corporate office tower, usually a glass box with central air pumped in, is turning into the dinosaur from the 20th century,” said Susan S. Szenasy, publisher and editor in chief, Metropolis.
“Workplaces will become more multi-generational and multi-functional.
"One thing is sure—today's office is not your father's or mother’s office.”
Jie Zhang, is an architect and co-founder of OPT, celebrated the rapidly growing freelance economy.
Her FoAM was a combination of easily deployable inflatables that create personal mobile offices, which can be set up in a dense network of urban parks transformed from vacant parking infrastructure. The inflatables are collapsible and equipped with digital technology so workers can connect wherever they are.
<img src="/images/2016/12/07/Screen%20Shot%202016-12-07%20at%201.27.19%20PM.png" alt="" width="588" height="378">
She envisaged digital nomads, with inflatable offices that can be set up practically anywhere.
These collapsible structures are insulated, both thermally and acoustically
One of Zhang’s submitted diagrams shows a person carrying the inflatable in a shoulder bag.
The directions: “arrive,” “unroll” and “inflate.”
It was pointed out that the inflatable is actually not a new idea; it was already kind of an experimental architectural object from the ’60s by radical design groups from Italy and the University of California, Berkeley. 
The co-working trend has grown recently to total 27 million square feet of office space, which 0.7% of the total U.S. office market, but substantial for a niche that barely existed just years ago, <a href="https://www.us.jll.com/united-states/en-us/research/office/coworking-space-the-landlord-perspective" target="_blank">according to a Jones Lang LaSalle report.</a>
Companies like Regus and WeWork dominate the industry.
But WeWork didn’t exist before 2010, and now they occupy 5 million square feet, said Julia Georgules, director of research for the office sector at Jones Lang LaSalle.
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Inflatable offices of the future for digital nomads

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Australia's largest dedicated Facilities Management conference kicks off this month at Sydney's International Convention Centre (ICC), Darling Harbour.
The 2017 Total Facilities event, March 29 – 30 will host a range a range of workplace experts discussing thermal comfort, making smart buildings, wellness in the workplace and co-working as a sustainable workplace solution.
A key theme will be how much further the built environment commercial sector needs to go in reducing its environmental impact.
Andrew Lawson, event manager, Total Facilities, said the exhibition and education program reflects the evolutionary nature of the industry.
“Today it’s about integrating the built assets of real estate and facilities with technology and other solutions to meet the needs of building owners and occupiers," he said.
"It is the role of a facility manager to ensure the proper operation of all aspects of a building to create a healthy, safe and cost-effective environment in which tenants can function.”
The keynote speaker at Total Facilities will be the world’s leading expert on thermal comfort, Professor Richard de Dear, Director of Sydney University’s Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) Lab.
He said searching for thermal pleasure may not make the priority list for employers or staff, but optimal, stimulating thermal environment in an office has transformative potential in terms of staff wellbeing and productivity.
“Research findings on enhanced air movement informs recommendations for both air conditioned and naturally ventilated buildings alike.” 
He will also bring along a life-sized thermal mannequin named Laura Palmer, whose task it is to define heat fluxes between the human body and the built environment surrounding it.
Kirsty Angerer, global ergonomics expert at Humanscale, willdebate the growing requirement for the FM industry to address health and wellbeing in commercial buildings and tenancies.
"Fruit bowls and gym memberships are a good starting point, but we need to do more in terms of wellness programs,” she said.
“Companies measure lost time due to injury and illness, but how many measure lost time due to 'discomfort' and people seeking medical assistance (physios, chiros etc) due to being in pain or feeling uncomfortable?
E"veryday simple strategies can be implemented across the office to help reduce fatigue and improve posture.”
Other headliners at this year’s Total Facilities speaker series include:
<ul>
<li>Libby Sander, respected thought leader on corporate agility, performance and workplace design, who will be sharing her ideas on co-working as generational fad or a sustainable workplace solution;</li>
<li>Kate Harris, CEO - Good Environmental Choice Australia will join with Tony Arnel, Global Director Sustainability for Norman Disney &amp; Young to consider how much further the built environment commercial sector needs to go in reducing its environmental impact; and</li>
<li>Paul Edwards, GM Workplace Experiences – Mirvac, and James Armstrong, National Director, Workplace Management Services at Colliers International, who will look at meeting the demands of the evolving workplace.</li>
</ul>
To register for a rundown on the full education program, please visit <a href="https://www.totalfacilities.com.au" target="_blank">www.totalfacilities.com.au</a>
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Facilities Management conference to tackle thermal comfort, smart buildings

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With its new head office in Sydney's Rhodes Corporate Park, Frasers Property Australia wanted to make a statement about its innovation and excellence, says a new video which Frasers portrays as a case study of its general approach to development.
The office was awarded 6 Star Green Star business park facilities, from the Green Building Council of Australia and is a good example of the future of workspaces.
In the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mI4b8-RrC5w" target="_blank">YouTube video</a>, Reini Otter, executive general manager at Frasers Property, says the vision was a workplace that reflected “not only the culture of our business, but also the aspirations of the business for the next decade”.
As Reini says in the video, “we are in a 15-year-old fit out, ad hoc design, lacking in many ways”.
The new building’s design revolves around a “central hub”, with meeting rooms dispersed around the office. Reini says “there’s no offices either”, so everybody is “open plan”. There are several standing workstations, a cafe area, and a lounge, which is mostly designed for informal meetings. Also, quiet spaces called “booth”, which offers more privacy for concentrated work.
Reini, who is an architect, says the building not only achieves a “technical outcome” of better IT infrastructure and office organisation, but it is also an “embodiment of the culture of the Frasers business”.
The office is designed to promote more collaboration among employees to encourage innovation, says Reini.
“So this project is a good case study in how we approach all our developments.”
The video says “it’s not just about providing a workspace that improves efficiencies, it’s about improving the health and wellbeing of people that work there”.
Frasers Property Australia was formerly Australand, which was acquired by Frasers Centrepoint Limited in late 2014. The parent group is listed in Singapore and focuses on Australia and China with total assets of more than S$23 billion.
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Frasers' new office a case study in its approach to development

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Creating a flexible workplace is the key to motivating employees according to CBRE.
CBRE's recent presentation, ‘How to Create a Workplace that Connects Your People and Anchors Your Brand’, discussed the future of office space and the importance of authentic placemaking.
Nicole Fitzgerald, CBRE’s Director of Workplace Strategies said flexible working and mobility was predicted to be the biggest disruptor for how businesses operate leading up to 2020.
“Flexibility is resonating with staff and this is impacting how and where people choose to work. We need our talent to choose our office because they know they will perform better, form better relationships and can influence decisions,” she said.
Rhian Windridge, of CBRE’s APAC Project Management team noted that what companies are doing in their workplace has become part of their corporate identity and vital to attracting and retaining top industry talent.
“When a group of executives were surveyed, the top source of competitive advantage was attraction and retention of top talent, and what we have found is that retention is higher in areas with strong placemaking elements,” she said.
“As a result, we have seen a major shift towards companies utilising brand storytelling through place, as it allows staff to relate and connect meaningfully with their workplace.
"Placemaking elements have the ability to express to people what the brand’s identity means and allows staff to experience what the company is achieving.
“Connecting staff through food and hospitality facilities, creative and collaborative areas, embedding wellness into the company’s culture using space and incorporating green space are all strategies that enable staff to respond positively to their workplace.
“Offices facilitate the coming together of different businesses lines to be inspired and reenergised.
"People do their best work when they come together – so there will always be a need.
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The future of offices lies in the power of placemaking

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Lendlease has lodged a planning application with the Department of Planning &amp; Environment for an engineered timber office building at Barangaroo South, the second of its kind for the precinct. 
The application proposes a ‘sister building’ to International House Sydney.
The building, if the department approves it following public exhibition, will be Lendlease’s sixth engineered timber building in Australia, joining its neighbour International House Sydney, 25 King in Brisbane, Forte Apartments and Library at The Dock in Melbourne, and Jordan Springs Community Hub in Western Sydney.  
With engineering by Lendlease’s DesignMake business and architecture by Tzannes Associates, which also designed International House Sydney, the design offers a larger floorplan to suit the needs of modern businesses.
It will have ground level retail tenancies and six floors of office space constructed from cross laminated timber and glulam (glue laminated timber), a revolutionary building material which has a structural strength akin to concrete and steel. 
Rob Deck, managing director of Barangaroo South, said Australia’s first engineered timber office building, International House Sydney attracted a lot of interest from the property industry, business sector and general public. 
It was completed this year and has won several design awards. 
“This second such building will be the final opportunity in Barangaroo South for prospective commercial tenants seeking an exciting, sustainable and innovative workplace for their employees,” said Deck. 
The proposed building will be located on Hickson Road in front of Tower 1, International Towers Sydney, and is expected to be completed in late 2019.
The plan proposes total commercial floor space of nearly 10,000 sqm Net Lettable Area and a typical floorplate of nearly 1,700 sqm NLA. 
Lendlease is targeting a 6 Star Green Star Design and As Built rating and at least a 5 Star NABERS Energy Base Building rating. 
It will be serviced by end-of-trip bicycle facilities located in the basement. 
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