A reacceleration in the quarterly pace of growth for national construction costs is suggested to be a return to trend rather than a new surge, according to CoreLogic.

The&nbsp;Cordell Construction Cost Index (CCCI), which tracks the cost to build a typical new dwelling, recorded a growth rate of 0.8% over the three months to December. This marks a reversal of the easing trend seen over the previous four quarters when the quarterly CCCI reading went from 4.7% in Q3 2022 to 0.5% in Q3 2023. The annual growth rate for the 2023 calendar year was 2.9%.

CoreLogic Economist Kaytlin Ezzy&nbsp;said although the quarterly CCCI reading has risen, the latest growth rate remains 20 basis points below the pre-COVID decade average of 1.0%.

"This suggests that reacceleration is more a return to trend rather than a new surge in construction costs," Ezzy said.

"While up over the quarter, the annual change in residential construction costs continued to ease as larger quarterly increases fell out of the annual calculation."

At 2.9%, the latest 12-month increase was the smallest annual rise in the national CCCI since the year to March 2007 (2.7%) and below the pre-COVID decade average (4.0%).

"This suggests that growth in construction costs have normalised after recording a recent peak of 11.9% over the 12 months to December 2022, albeit at a higher level. Although 26.6% higher than at the onset of the pandemic, the recent surge in CCCI is below the increases seen across national house values, with CoreLogic's Home Value Index rising 36.5% over the same period," Ezzy added.

CoreLogic Construction Cost Estimation Manager John Bennett&nbsp;said pricing remains generally unsettled, with no clear trend seen across most product types.

"Depending on the supplier, both increases and decreases were recorded in timber and metal prices, although we have seen rises in the price of hardware and chemical items. This tells me suppliers are either bringing their product pricing back down to acceptable levels from the increases during the Covid period, or they are increasing to set up for the year ahead," Mr Bennett said.

"In 2023 there was a bit of uncertainty around what the fallout from the interest rate increases would be and therefore the overall impact on the building industry. While the latest figures show the market has settled down, I don't think we have seen the slowdown many were expecting.

"While dwelling approvals are still well below historic averages, there is still an elevated level of projects under construction which is keeping cost pressures high," he added.

Price rises were also varied across the states, with an increased growth rate seen in NSW, Victoria and WA, while SA and Queensland both saw a reduction in quarterly CCCI growth.

<h2>CCCI Outlook</h2>

Ezzy said the outlook for construction costs over the coming year is uncertain.

"While it's unlikely we'll see any declines in construction costs, the pace of growth could be influenced by several factors. Although national dwelling approvals have risen from a recent low of 12,185 in January, the latest data from the ABS showed that dwelling approvals remained -15.8% below the decade average in November at around 14,500. Although a number of projects are still moving through the construction pipeline, the recent lull in approvals could result in a shortfall in new projects, which would help keep growth in building costs low, due to greater capacity in the construction sector.

"However, with the CPI continuing to ease, it's looking increasingly like we'll see a cash rate cut in the second half of 2024, which could fuel housing demand for both established and new dwellings. Regardless, the normalisation in CCCI growth will help provide some certainly for builders, insurance companies and homeowners alike," she said.

<h2>Key findings by state – Q4 2023 CCCI Report</h2>

<ul>
	<li>The CCCI for NSW rose 1.0%, up 40 basis points on the previous quarter but only 10 basis points above the pre-COVID decade average of 0.9%. The annual reading eased to 3.1%, the lowest annual change since the 12 months to March 2021.</li>
	<li>Victoria’s CCCI rose 1.1% over the quarter, up from 0.3% in the September quarter, making it the fastest acceleration in construction costs among the states. The annual increase continued to ease to 2.9%, down from a recent high of 13.0% over 2022 and is Victoria's lowest annual change since the 2016 calendar year (2.6%).</li>
	<li>Queensland recorded the lowest quarterly rise at just 0.1%, down from 0.8% in Q3, bucking the acceleration trend. This is the state's lowest quarterly result since Q1 2001 when CCCI fell -0.1%. The December quarter's weaker growth helped bring Queensland's annual growth rate back in line with the other states at 2.8%.</li>
	<li>In WA, construction costs rose 0.7% over the quarter, up 50 basis points on Q3. Annually, WA's CCCI increased by 2.3%, which was the lowest annual rate among the states.</li>
	<li>SA’s CCCI Increased by 0.5%, down from 0.6% in Q3, also bucking the national trend. This took SA's annual change in construction costs to 2.8%.</li>
</ul>

CoreLogic researches and reports on materials and labour costs which flows through to its Cordell construction solutions to help businesses make better decisions, estimate rebuild and insurance quotes easily and, ultimately, price risk effectively.

Joel Robinson

Construction cost growth returns to normal trends: CoreLogic

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There can often be some misunderstanding around a fixed-price contract.  If you don’t know a builder, then there can also be a little mistrust as you look over the tender. Am I being overcharged?  Is everything included?  Will there be many variations?

Today I opened an email that made me smile and really feel grateful for such a wonderful builder we are working with on our development projects.

The email came from the office of my builder. It related to a three-villa project under construction. It had two variations attached to it; one for the site preparation and the other for slab piering.  I’d been overseeing the works with the site manager so I was expecting the variations but weren’t sure on the exact cost they’d come in at.

“Variations are changes to the original contracted work, which involve either an addition or reduction in the scope or value of work,” so the <a href="https://consumer.masterbuilders.asn.au/the-building-process/contracts-and-variations/variations">Master Builders Assoc describes</a>.

So you’ll always find some items marked as provisional in your builder’s contract, because you can’t always plan the entire “scope or value of work” required when developing.

In this builder’s contract this clause was clearly included:  “Provisional sum is the estimate cost of labour and materials; it includes an amount for the builder’s margin. If the cost is more than the allowance, the difference including builder’s margin will be added to the contract price. “

Back to our three-villa project variations.  The first one covering the site preparation was for tree removal.  The builder’s tender covered vegetation clearing but from the time Property Bloom located the site, ran our analysis, designed the project, lodged the development approval and construction certificate and the client had her construction loan finalised and we could start to build, the vegetation had grown to a rather large tree.  We did get a quote from a tree lopper to clear it, but we decided that it would be cheaper for the builder’s excavator to push it over and clear it as part of the site preparation. So we did expect a little increase to this provisional cost but wouldn’t know until the excavator submitted his invoice to the builder. It ended up being a little over $1,000 for this work.

The other variation was for under slab piering.  Once work was completed, we knew that we hadn’t needed to use the entire provisional allowance in the builder’s tender.  When on site with the concreter, I could see that the depths he was drilling to were not as deep as expected and so there were less lineal meters of piering required.  For this work our client was receiving a credit as the provisional allowance was over-estimated.

I needed to let my client know that there had been some variation to the build cost.  After all, she had signed a fixed-price contract a few weeks earlier, but I had made a point to explain the items marked provisional in her contract.  Usually provisional items are:

<ul>
<li>Disposal of stormwater – even with an engineer’s plan, this may vary during construction</li>
	<li>Retaining walls – the square meters of retaining often can’t be totally confirmed until the site is cut</li>
	<li>Piering to under the slab – dependant on how deep they may need to drill to hit solid support</li>
	<li>Site preparation – excavation – cut and fill.  There can be more fill required to bring in or take away</li>
</ul>
The conversation I had with my client was easy. She was coming out in front with the credit on the piering more than covering the variation on the site clearing.  This is the kind of outcome we strive for, but it doesn’t always work that way.

In property developing or home building, there can often be a degree of disappointment once under construction as issues arise.  Mostly this comes down to the developer or home owner’s expectation that the costs won’t change.

The more developments or home builds you manage, the more issues you become aware of. But if you can go into it knowing there is a degree of risk that you must take, then you won’t be disappointed if an issue does come up.

No one can really know what will happen once you start work, but as project managers, it’s our job to manage the issues in the most effective way so that we minimise costs and the valuable time in may take to sort out the issue.  And when it goes the other way and a credit is issued, then that’s a wonderful feeling.

<h2>Recently listed properties:</h2>

[smartcode_project:default project_id=3490]

[smartcode_project:default project_id=3783]

[smartcode_project:default project_id=3565]
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jochivers-wq5Bp59R5a

Why the cost can change, even in a fixed-price building contract

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Serenity Cove, in the Hope Island and Helensvale precinct on the Gold Coast, has been listed for sale.

The 65 hectare waterfront estate is approved for a multi-staged masterplanned community.

Considered the final puzzle piece of the Hope Island masterplan, Serenity Cove has approval for 235 lots and dwellings in addition to balance land for future development.

There are plans for a 3,800 sqm retal and dining precinct.

A soft launch in 2017 saw 15 buyers of waterfront land spend a combined $10 million on their slice of Serenity Cove.

The first release of land included 48 waterfront lots along Saltwater Creek and on Lake Serenity – some with marina berths.

Located in the Hope Island/Helensvale precinct and some 10 minutes from the world-renowned 5-star resort and golf course of Sanctuary Cove, the subject site has extensive water frontage and is offered for sale via a two-stage tender process through Mark Witheriff and James Branch of Knight Frank in conjunction with Brendan Hogan and James Holland of Colliers International.

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“This is one of the last large-scale waterfront approved development sites within South East Queensland,” said Witheriff. 

“There are very limited comparable sites of this scale remaining on the Gold Coast, let alone those with extensive water frontage to cater for an up-market masterplanned residential estate.”

Colliers James Holland said the Helensvale and Hope Island precinct is currently seeing strong sales of waterfront land and homes.

"Due to diminishing land supply in Hope Island, the suburb is currently seeing a resurgence in high density living,” said Mr Holland.

Knight Frank and Colliers International recently transacted the former Village Square Market Place site nearby on Hope Island for $17.025 million. 

The purchaser has since lodged plans for 348 retirement apartments across five x eight level buildings which further underpins and supports the sustainable population growth within the region. 

<h2>Queensland properties selling now:</h2>

[smartcode_project:default project_id=27575]

[smartcode_project:default project_id=22057]

[smartcode_project:default project_id=26730]
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</div>
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wdavis-8cCN98p7xp

Serenity Cove, one of the Gold Coast's last masterplanned communities, hits the market

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Investors wanting bang for their buck when remodeling their investment property ought to paint the place to get the cheapest of makeovers.

Interior painting of the walls and ceilings of a two-bedroom apartment come in at $1,500, according to the Australian Services Buyers Guide 2012.

The guide by ServiceSeeking.com.au gives customers an idea of how much money home renovation costs to possibly avoid overpriced quotes from tradespeople.

The guide offers pricing for the measured completion of tasks ranging from interior painting to plumbing, the most expensive of tasks.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=27406]

Exterior painting comes in first place for the cheapest trade service, with an average quote of $40 per hour including paint.

Interior painting is slightly more expensive than exterior painting, with an average quote of painting the walls and ceilings of a two-bedroom apartment being $1,500.

The walls of a small two-bedroom unit could cost as little as $430.

An average job for exterior painting includes the painting of a 24-square-metre deck and awning and has quote price of $1,200.

Interior painting could cost $4,700 for the painting of a four-bedroom townhouse with its exterior painting possibly costing $3,300.

According to the guide, NSW offers the best bang for a buck, with the cheapest quotes from painters. 

Victorians on average pay $400 more per task than their NSW counterparts, with prices starting at $1,700 for a one-bedroom apartment.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=3783]

The Sunshine Coast is the most expensive, with painting a one-bedroom apartment costing $1,870, however a job with three bedrooms will get you a better deal.

Quotes are generally consistent among states, however for a more precise quote, you simply need to write a job description and sit back and wait for the quotes to roll in.

Tiling ties with painting for the cheapest service, with customers paying an average of $40 per square metre excluding materials.

The minimum job quoted for tiling a small outdoor area of six square metres was $250.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=3565]

The tiling of a 20-square-metre outdoor balcony area is listed as an average job with a likely quote of $500.

The tiling rates in New South Wales are 5% more than the national average of $40 per square metre, and Victorians can expect to pay $45, an increase of 12.5%.

However, the guide says that New South Wales and Victoria property owners pay less than Queenslanders when charged by task.

 

<hr class="system-pagebreak">
 

The third cheapest service is plastering, with an average cost of $45 per hour.

The minimum plastering job quoted in the service guide was for the repair of a ceiling and cost $150.

A plastering job of two plasterboard walls and one ceiling could cost $500.

The plastering of walls and ceilings in two rooms comes with a $2,000 price tag.

Carpenters are the third most expensive, with an average price of $50 per hour, excluding materials.

A job of building and installing a linen cupboard could cost on average $700.

The second most expensive service is electrical, which has an average cost of $65 per hour.

The minimum quoted price was $65 for residential electrical wiring.

Four light fittings and the replacement of switches and power points could cost you on average $300.

The maximum quote recorded by ServiceSeeking.com.au was $1,200 and was for the installation of four fans, 12 lights and powerpoints.

Victorians pay 40% less when it comes to appliance installation.

The most expensive general trade service is plumbing, with an average of $70 per hour.

A minor bathroom shower tap job could start from $80.

The installation of a new stove with gas fitting could cost you $400.

A larger job of installing gas pipes for heating, hot water and an oven can cost up to $1,000, the average quoted price.

Victorians can expect to pay 10% more for a plumber, paying on average $77 an hour.

New South Wales and Queensland are 7.1% below the national average of $70 an hour.

According to the 2010 Australian Services Buyers Guide, the average hourly rate was $66 although the average job price has come back.

The inclusion of details and prices that were charged for some recent jobs give consumers an idea of how much they should be paying for similar work.

“Our Australian Services Buyer’s Guide 2012 saves Australian renovators from the risk of overpaying. It’s going to change the way people renovate their homes – they won’t want to commit to a quote without consulting the guide first,” says Jeremy Levitt, co-founder of ServiceSeeking.com.au.

ServiceSeeking.com.au has helped over 500,000 customers get quotes from 65,000 businesses.

The data in the guide is based on the analysis of over 700,000 quotes submitted by Australian local businesses through ServiceSeeking.com.au over the past year.

ServiceSeeking.com.au is Australia’s largest marketplace for local services, and allows people to post job descriptions that they need done on the website.

The Australian Services Buyer’s Guide 2012 is available for purchase on <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Australian-Services-Buyers-Guide-ebook/dp/B008OOR1HO" target="_blank">Amazon</a> for $9.95.

Sections of the guide can also be viewed on <a href="https://www.serviceseeking.com.au/" target="_blank">ServiceSeeking.com.au’s</a> blog.
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ntrotman-Et3xWpamVh

For that lick of paint: Cost guide to give your investment property a makeover

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An individual property can be viewed from different perspectives such as home owner, investment or development and therefore the value of that property will be determined accordingly from that perspective. Knowing how and who values your property will assist you in making an informed decision about the buying, selling and holding process. 

There are three main types of valuations: 

<ol start="1">
<li>Valuer-General / Council Valuations</li>
	<li>Certified Valuers / Bank Valuations</li>
	<li>Real Estate Agent Appraisals / Market Value 
</li>
</ol>
[smartcode_project:default project_id=29048]

Valuer General/ Council Valuations 

Dependent upon which state or territory you live in, it is usually the role of the Valuer-General to oversee and provide updated land valuations for all properties in a local government area and to maintain complete, accurate and as current as possible valuation rolls for that State or Territory. Valuations are conducted annually in SA, Queensland and ACT, every two years for Victoria, every three years for NSW, WA and NT, every six years in Tasmania with a third of councils every two years. 

The Valuer-General is responsible for:

<ul>
<li>the provision of fair, accurate and consistent land values for rating and taxing purposes</li>
	<li>the determination of compensation following the compulsory acquisition of land</li>
	<li>providing leadership to the valuation industry and profession</li>
	<li>providing statutory valuations as required under the Land Act for that state or territory </li>
</ul>
The results of these valuations are provided to:

<ul>
<li>the Office of State Revenue annually, which manages and determines a landowner's land tax liability. Your principal place of residence is generally exempt from land tax.</li>
	<li>councils and other authorities such as water boards and emergency services as a basis for the levying of rates and taxes.</li>
	<li>departments to determine state land lease rent</li>
	<li>landowners via their notice of valuation, which is issued when their local government area is revalued.</li>
</ul>
[smartcode_project:default project_id=29947]

The Register of Land Values contains the following information:

<ol>
<li>the ownership of the land</li>
	<li>the occupation of the land</li>
	<li>the value of the land</li>
	<li>reference to the title of the land</li>
	<li>the location or description of the land</li>
	<li>the area of the land, and</li>
	<li>any other information as required by Valuation of Land Act for that particular state or territory. 
</li>
</ol>
Land values and council rating

[smartcode_project:default project_id=8082]

Councils use these land values to assist in the calculation of rates for local residents in one of three ways.

<ul>
<li>A combination of the land value of the property and a fixed amount per property.</li>
	<li>Entirely on the land value of the property.</li>
	<li>Entirely on the land value but subject to a minimum amount. </li>
</ul>
Fluctuations in land values don't necessarily lead to similar changes in rates. Rates depend on each councils rating structure and the limits to increases set by the various state and territory governments. The land value does not generally reflect the full sale price that could be obtained for the property. 

If you want to find out how your rates are calculated, contact your council. 

Land valuation process 

While states and territories differ in their approach and methodology, the general basis is that values are calculated using either the “unimproved land value” or the more common “site value” method. For the purpose of this article, I’ll use the NSW and Queensland methodologies for the explanation of each: 

NSW

<ol>
<li>Values refer to land value only, which does not include the value of your home or other improvements.</li>
	<li>Most land in NSW is valued using mass valuation, where properties are placed together and valued in groups called components. The properties in each component are similar or are likely to change in value in a similar way.</li>
	<li>Within each component, at least one representative property is valued individually each year to measure how much the value has changed from the previous year. The change in value is then applied to all properties within the component to determine their new value.</li>
	<li>Before undertaking valuations, valuers will inspect and analyse a large number of sales in a locality to gain in-depth understanding of what is happening in the real estate market. This information and the valuer’s expertise are then used to value the representative property.</li>
	<li>Where mass valuation is not appropriate, valuers will individually value the property.</li>
	<li>The most direct evidence for assessing land value is to compare the property being valued with the sale price of comparable vacant land sold around the time of the valuation date.</li>
	<li>During the valuation process, the valuer will examine the breadth of the real estate market including both vacant land and improved property sales. Valuers make allowance for the added value of any buildings or other structures on the land.</li>
	<li>Unsuitable sales, for example those between related parties, are not used to determine land values.</li>
	<li>When comparing property sales to the land being valued, the valuer may take a number of factors into consideration, including:</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>The location of the land, size and shape</li>
	<li>Soil type and land surface, such as slope</li>
	<li>Town planning controls and constraints on use, such as heritage restrictions</li>
	<li>Nearby development and amenities, such as parks, views, public transport and busy roads.</li>
	<li>Valuations are based on certain assumptions, including the property being vacant. The value of a home or other structures and improvements is not included. However, land improvements remain part of the land value, for example clearing, draining and filling of land. </li>
</ul>
Strata site land values 

<ol>
<li>The Valuer-General is responsible for determining the land value for the whole site of a strata scheme. The valuation will take into consideration the most valuable possible use for the whole site. This may exceed the current level of development on the site.</li>
	<li>The land value for individual strata units for council rating and land tax purposes is calculated using the land value for the whole site of the strata scheme and apportioned based on the unit entitlement listed in the strata plan.</li>
	<li>The Valuer General issues the secretary of the strata plan or the owners’ corporation with a Notice of Valuation showing the land value for the whole site of a strata scheme that will be used for rating purposes.</li>
</ol>
 

Queensland

From May 3 2011, the 58 rateable municipalities in Queensland have used the new site value methodology to value non-rural land and the unimproved value methodology to value rural land. 

Most landowners have seen very little difference in their new valuation as a result of the introduction of site value. Where there have been substantial site works made to land, landowners may see an increase in the value of the land. Approximately 95% of residential land in Queensland has not been significantly affected by the change in valuation methodology. However, the valuation of some residential land may have increased, such as land with water frontage. Other types of land also changed in value to reflect the difference in value between the land in its natural state (unimproved value) and its current state (site value).

For example, industrial estates that have been heavily filled, retained or levelled have seen the value of these improvements included in the land’s value. 

The new site value methodology has resulted in some properties, mainly commercial properties with significant leasing arrangements, having a reduction in their statutory land valuation as a result of the intangible elements no longer being considered in their valuation.

Swarnie Condon is an author of <a href="https://www.ipip.com.au/" style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; text-decoration: underline; color: #6888b1;" target="_blank" title="Journeys Along the Property Path">Journeys Along the Property Path: 12 real life stories of 12 property investors</a>, published by Inspirational People in Property.

 
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swarniecondon-aTY2bgqmPh

Understanding land valuation

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Hi Margaret,

I have a duplex approved vacant block in Queensland. The block size is 928 square metres. I don't want to build two houses/units that are attached. I have checked with the local council (Logan City Council), they have informed me that it is possible to have two detached houses build on that block (which we will have to apply for).

Now I also asked them if I could subdivide that block into two lots. They said that was possible as well with application of subdivision costing $1,095 plus $520 per lot which comes to a total of $2,135. They said that the headworks charges would come to approx $28,000. This $28,000 is for one block as there will only be one additional block.

I asked them if there is any other charges that I may come across. They said there would be a water meter connection (which a different department of the council informed would be $1,414.41).

They said that I will also need to hire a surveyor, at least for official drawings for sealing. I estimate the total cost of subdivision to be around $40,000 (including some contingencies). the subdivision is on a corner block so roadworks will not be required. The duplex block is part of a subdivision that happened approx 1 year ago and therefore the infrastructure and all services are all new.

Now I am trying to figure out whether it is better to have the block subdivided into two lots and then build a house each on it or build two detached houses on it without subdividing. If I subdivide, I think the bank valuation would be higher but the rental income would be the same for both scenarios. But if I subdivide, then the return on investment through rent would be less.

Can you please shine some light on things or views that I am missing out on. What do you think I should do?  Should I spend to subdivide (while the extra money spent for subdivision may turn out to be the same valuation that the two blocks combine will generate), or should I build detached houses without subdividing and let the subdividing idea sit for future.

Kind regards,

Chetan

Margaret's answer on the next page. Please click below.

 

<hr class="system-pagebreak">
Hi Chetan,

It seems like you have already  done a lot of the due diligence in considering the true costs of this subdivision, so well done.  Often people don’t consider this big picture and instead rush ahead, only to find out too late that the costs exceed the benefits.

It is true that, most often, two separately titled blocks can fetch a better valuation than a single-titled, two dwelling lot.  In my experience the difference is between $30,000 and $50,000, depending upon where the block is.  However, usually the rental return remains the same – tenants are rarely aware of the title arrangements and won’t know whether they are on a separately titled dwelling or not.

You need to consider your personal circumstances before working out if it’s worthwhile spending this money now, or later.

If you will be relying on equity to allow you to leverage into more property, you will want every cent of equity that you can get.  It’s possible that subdividing now will allow each individual block to gain value at a greater rate, giving you more overall equity and allowing you to leverage into more property sooner.  That extra $10 - $20,000 in equity might add up to $100,000 in borrowing capacity (subject to your qualifying), and you could then acquire more property now.

On the other hand, if you have plenty of equity elsewhere in other property and are not stopped from further leverage, I cannot see the point in subdividing at this stage.  Keep the money and use it to pay down debt, which in itself will provide some more leveraging power.

Down the track, when you wish to liquidate your portfolio to access retirement funds, you will probably want to subdivide then, as it will be easier to sell two separate blocks and you should fetch a higher price for each than you could get for the two combined.

Regards,

Margaret

Margaret Lomas is a best-selling author and writes and hosts the popular 'Property Success With Margaret Lomas' and heads up the panel on 'Your Money, Your Call', both on Sky News.

She is the founder of <a href="https://destiny.com.au/dotnetnuke/en-au/home.aspx" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Destiny</a>.

Have a property question? <a href="mailto:askmargaret@propertyobserver.com.au" target="_blank">Ask Margaret!</a>

<h2 style="font-size: 14px;">Properties you may like:</h2>

[smartcode_project:default project_id=6284]

[smartcode_project:default project_id=7742]

[smartcode_project:default project_id=24323]
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mlomas-KC9MUPZ6Ca

I want to build two houses on one block; should I subdivide now or later? 

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This week I went to an eye specialist. I’ve decided it was time to consider laser surgery as I’m short-sighted and need glasses for driving and now I also need glasses to read (yes, I know, a sign of ageing!).  I spent about an hour peering into various machines while my eyes were scanned, measured and flashed at.  At one point I thought I was in a disco with strobe lighting, but unfortunately no John Travolta materialised.

Afterwards the specialist reviewed the enlarged computer images taken of my eyes; I asked him if the measurements were showing the contours of my eyes. He looked at me and said yes and was a little curious to know how I knew this, apparently not many people ask.  I told him I was a property developer and it reminded me of the contour survey that we need before we start developing our sites (pardon the pun... get it sight / site?!).

So eyes and land both need surveying before any work can be done. It makes sense, really.  The surgeon needs detail such as the height of my cornea, and the builder needs to know the fall of the land.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=27783]

This made me reflect on how important it is to understand the contours of land. I find that many of our clients do not understand what a contour survey is and why it’s necessary, so I thought I’d focus on this today.

In the property world, a contour is an outline of a mass of land. A contour or detailed survey is done by a surveyor and required before you can start on the design of your buildings. Contour lines will be marked on the survey.  Below are some tips* that can help explain the marking you’ll see:

<ul>
<li>All points on a contour line are of the same elevation.</li>
	<li>No two contour lines can meet or cross each other except in the rare case of an overhanging vertical cliff or wall</li>
	<li>Closely spaced contour lines indicate steep slope</li>
	<li>Widely spaced contour lines indicate gentle slope</li>
	<li>Equally spaced contour lines indicate uniform slope</li>
	<li>Closed contour lines with higher elevation towards the centre indicate hills</li>
	<li>Closed contour lines with reducing levels towards the centre indicate pond or other depression.</li>
	<li>All contour lines must close either within the map boundary or outside.</li>
</ul>
*Reference: engineeringcivil.com and Ramasesh Iyer 

Once the architect or draftsperson has a contour survey then they can begin work on the plans, and the survey will indicate how much site works may be required.  For example, a sloping site will need to be levelled if you are using a slab construction and therefore the approximate height of retaining walls and volume of spoil to be removed need to be calculated.  These costs need to be allowed for by the builder and he depends on the measurements on the contour survey for this data.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=7633]

<hr class="system-pagebreak">
 

Click to enlarge

<a href="/images/stories/2012/10/survey.gif" rel="shadowbox" title="Click to enlarge"><img src="/images/stories/2012/10/surveythumb.gif"></a>

On this survey above, if you look at the first number on the top right-hand side of the survey it reads 1.06.0 then the next number down reads 105.5, this tells us there is a half metre fall from the rear boundary to this contour line. The surveyor has used 500mm intervals to the next contour line.  The last measurement at the front boundary reads 99.0.  So this tells me the site has about a seven-metre fall, so it’s a steep site. The interesting thing showing on this survey is the area in the middle of the survey where there is a break in contour lines. The surveyor has marked the survey with broken lines to indicate a change in grade. Why would this be?

I can tell you why. There was an old house built right in the middle but it had been demolished, so this part of the land had been levelled. This site, while steep, was purchased for a pier, bearers and joist style project, and the view from the top of the site is spectacular out over the valley. So it’s certainly not an ideal development site, but we made it work nicely as a dual-occupancy project.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=8082]

Accuracy of a survey is extremely important. On one site we found the surveyor (not mine, as this was a development application-approved site purchased) had taken a measurement from one metre in from the rear boundary instead of right on the rear boundary. This was not picked up until after site preparations started and the site was cut. As the site sloped from rear to front, the retaining required on this rear boundary was much more than the builder had allowed for based on the plans. So it is important if you are buying DA-approved sites, to have your own surveyor double-check the plans and proposed levels that are based on the original contour survey.

I’ll keep you updated on whether I have my sight fixed but in the meantime, set your sights on the contour survey before you start developing property.

Jo Chivers is director of <a href="https://www.propertybloom.com.au/">Property Bloom</a>, which manages property development.
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What you need to know about contours on a property development site

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Property development can be daunting so I’ve put together some FAQs to help address some of the important questions that will arise as you start your development.

This has been broken down to a three-part series:

<ol>
<li><a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/developments/how-to-get-started-in-property-development-jo-chivers/2012061355113" target="_blank">Getting started </a></li>
	<li><a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/land/mastering-the-design-planning-and-approval-stage-of-a-property-development-jo-chivers/2012062055209" target="_blank">Design, planning and approvals (as seen last Thursday)</a></li>
	<li>Construction Time</li>
</ol>
 

2. Construction Time 

“Each of us is carving a stone, erecting a column, or cutting a piece of stained glass in the construction of something much bigger than ourselves.” Adrienne Clarkson

Construction time is the best part of developing property. Seeing that first sod turned and standing back as the excavator starts to form up your site is truly satisfying.  The groundbreaking, also known as cutting the site, marks a massive milestone in your development project. 

[smartcode_project:default project_id=22803]

There is so much work that needs to be completed before getting to this stage.  You’ve found a site, negotiated to purchase it, researched with the council and other authorities, run your feasibility, got your designs done, had your building quotes completed, prepared documentation and lodged your development application, perhaps battled with the council.  Then you’ve obtained your consent and engineering and construction certificate (CC) plans and the CC consent.  Once fully approved there are still more hoops to jump through and it’s off to your lender to get your finance organised and finally unconditional approval. 

The development process is like an iceberg.  Most of the work required in project managing your property development is done before you cut the site.  It’s all hidden below the surface.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=32227]

So by the time your project comes out of the ground, you have done most of the work.   Inexperienced developers won’t understand this, but I know the sheer volume of hours required to get a project to the construction phase is phenomenal. 

When can I start construction? 

As soon as you have your DA – development application and CC – construction certificate –  consents and you have obtained an unconditional finance approval, your builder can start construction. 

What is the first process?

[smartcode_project:default project_id=94611]

Site clearing is required before you can start preparing your slab or footings. So ensure your builder has included vegetation and tree removal.  If you are demolishing an old house or building then ensure this is done before your builder is ready to start, as you do not want to hold up the process. 

How should I manage my builder? 

It’s important to have open communication with your builder from the start. Explain to him that you want to be involved and depending on your experience and time available let him know if you will be project managing the development or engaging a project manager. 

As project managers, we are in constant communication with our builder’s site or construction managers. 

[smartcode_project:default project_id=29921]

What does a project manager do and do I need one? 

A project manager can help you to fast track your development. A good project manager will: 

<ul>
<li>Save you money</li>
	<li>Save you time</li>
	<li>Minimize your risk</li>
	<li>Teach you how to manage your development</li>
	<li>Give you access to sites not on open market</li>
	<li>Professionally manage, record and report the process for you</li>
	<li>Share their local knowledge, experience, contacts, suppliers</li>
	<li>Allow you to keep your day job</li>
	<li>You can learn the process then perhaps feel more confident to manage our next project. </li>
</ul>
You could use a project manager if you are inexperienced or time poor or both. It’s a good idea to use a project manager if you want to learn the process of developing, you can have your hand held through the development and will be amazed by what you will learn by being guided through the process. 

[smartcode_project:default project_id=22699]

Main steps in the construction phase include (for typical slab &amp; brick construction):

<ol>
<li>
Site preparation This involves clearing of the site and pegging out of the site by the surveyor. Sometimes retaining walls will also be built at this stage if required.</li>
	<li>
Slab The plumber will need to lay plumbing that will be located beneath the slab of the development. This needs to be done before the slab can be formed up.  The slab piering is then completed as per the engineer’s specifications and plans and then the slab can be poured.  It’s very exciting to see the slabs go down.</li>
	<li>
Frames and roof trusses The frames are generally prepared before being delivered to site and can be erected very quickly with a day or so. It’s great to walk around the site once the frames are up and get a feel for each room.</li>
	<li>
Roof tiling of metal roofing Some builders prefer to complete the roof before starting the brickwork and other builders work the other way around. I’ve found predominately builders want to get the roof on as quickly as possible to protect the frames.</li>
	<li>
Brick work This stage really gives the development true structure, and you can feel the development making good progress when you see the brickwork completed.</li>
	<li>
Rough ins This involves the electrical and plumbing wiring and pipes to be installed before the internal linings to the frames.</li>
	<li>
Internal linings After the rough in is complete, the insulation will be installed into the wall and ceilings and then the plaster will start on lining the walls and ceilings. You really get a good sense of space within the dwellings at this stage.</li>
	<li>
Waterproofing and tiling The wet areas will be water-proofed in preparation for the tilers to start work, generally after or even during the timber mould out.</li>
	<li>
Timber mould out This stage involves the carpenters installing the skirting boards, architraves, door jams and doors and kitchens.</li>
	<li>
Lock up is when all external doors including garage doors are on.</li>
	<li>
P.C.  fit out. P.C. is a term for a prime cost item and includes tapware, bath, mirror, vanities and other accessories, which are installed at this stage.</li>
	<li>
Practical completion. This is the point in time when an inspection is conducted when builder is almost finished. You will walk through the development with the site manager and point out any items that still need attention. By this time it should only be touch ups and minor items requiring installation.</li>
	<li>
Handover This is when you are happy the construction has been completed to your satisfaction and to the plans and after paying the builder’s final invoice, keys will be handed over to you. </li>
</ol>
When can I lease out or sell my development?

Once handover is completed and you have received the occupation certificates from the council or your private certifier, you can lease the dwellings out.  If you are building more than one dwelling then you may also be subdividing, so you cannot sell the individual dwellings before you have subdivision approval. They may be sold subject to approval or registration of the subdivision. 

[smartcode_project:default project_id=7633]

Seeing your development emerge from the dust and dirt and slowly take shape until it resembles exactly what you have planned is one of the most exciting and satisfying moments you could experience as a property developer.

As I see Property Bloom projects come to completion, it really makes me feel like we’ve achieved an amazing thing for our clients; manufactured equity, provided education, created strong yields and most of all helped them fast-track their portfolios and plan for their future.  It is such a wonderful feeling to step back and look at what’s been created and understand the needs that have been met for our clients and for the local communities we develop in. Seeing the dwellings tenanted or sold and lived in by families that will get to enjoy the fruits of your labour is what it’s all about.

Jo Chivers is director of <a href="https://www.propertybloom.com.au/" target="_blank" title="Property Bloom">Property Bloom</a>, which manages property development.
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The 13 steps in the construction phase of building a new home

With national news evoking fresh concerns about climate change, Melbourne-based developer Neometro have shared the benefits of investing in sustainable projects.

While Savills has earmarked the <a href="https://www.urban.com.au/expert-insights/investing/importance-of-environmental-credentials-grows-for-property-investors-savills" target="_blank">growing importance of environmental credentials in real estate</a> to attract investors, the benefits of developing sustainable projects are proving to be far more all-encompassing.

According to Neometro director James Tutton, sustainable development can set a project up for success from the get-go.

From reducing risk at both the planning and settlement stages, to meeting consumer demands, Neometro has distilled these benefits across three areas. 
&nbsp;

1. Planning risk

What was once somewhat limited to anecdotal discussions with Council planning officers, the concept of rewarding projects with high ESG aspirations is translating into real policy, and it&rsquo;s something several municipalities have taken on board.

Some councils, such as City of Moreland, have designed excellence scorecards to reward project applications which seek to achieve a high sustainability score.

Considering this upfront allows for better planning and better certainty, Tutton argues.

&ldquo;It&rsquo;s reassuring being able to approach a project with certainty, knowing VCAT isn&rsquo;t going to pull the rug out from under you,&rdquo; he said. 
&nbsp;

2. Settlement risk

Purchaser mortgage choices have opened up for projects which achieve pre-established sustainability criteria.

&ldquo;Traditionally, investment decisions scrutinise financial data alone, and now we&rsquo;ve seen a shift towards investors and buyers demanding we look at the bigger picture,&rdquo; Tutton said.

Neometro noticed many purchasers going with non-major banks that reduced interest rates the better a building performed when selling its Jewell Station apartments in Brunswick.

&ldquo;Giving purchasers more mortgage options with competitive pricing increases the likelihood of them being approved for purchase, and therefore diminishes settlement risk and the nervousness that often comes with this time&rdquo;, he told Urban. 
&nbsp;

3. Consumer demand

&ldquo;There&rsquo;s no denying sustainability is a strong selling tool, the demand is out there&rdquo;, Tutton said.

Consumers are making socially and environmentally conscious decisions when it comes to everyday purchases, and the developer claims that property is no different.

Across every industry, organisations are stepping up to meet the demands of increasingly informed and savvy consumers.

&ldquo;As developers, we have a real opportunity to meet that demand while simultaneously supporting the need for greater sustainability within our community and being profitable,&rdquo; Tutton said.

In every marketing campaign across its stable of projects, Neometro noted that messaging with a focus on sustainability performed the strongest. 
&nbsp;

<h2>Sustainable projects on Urban.com.au</h2>

Coming off the recent success at its South Crescent development, which sold in less than a week, Neometro have exemplified the desirability of sustainability-driven projects.

The group become Australia&rsquo;s first property developer to achieve B Corporation certification in 2013, making them one of the nation&rsquo;s leaders in delivering sustainable buildings.

Urban takes a look at three sustainable projects that owner-occupiers and investors should keep an eye on. 
&nbsp;

1. One Wilson Avenue, Brunswick 
Address: 1 Wilson Avenue, Brunswick VIC 3055 
One-bedroom apartments from $515,000

[smartcode_project:default project_id=5121]

Future-focused and carefully crafted, this Brunswick development is delivered in collaboration between Neometro and Milieu.

The project integrates renewable energy and has received a 7.5-star NatHERS rating.

Designed by Fieldwork, the project references the brutalist post-war buildings of the Brunswick area, and connected to a wide range of amenities and sprawling parklands. 
&nbsp;

2. Omnia, Moorabbin 
Address: 4-6 Horscroft Place, Moorabbin VIC 3189 
One-bedroom apartments from $465,000

[smartcode_project:default project_id=29048]

As part of the developer&rsquo;s commitment to environmental sustainability, Omnia uses the best materials and technologies in environmental and sustainable building methods.

Delivered by Shenfield Property, the 40-apartment development&rsquo;s park frontage adds to the growing number of green spaces in the area.

Featuring energy-efficient design, together with appealing gardens created by Wallbrink Landscape Architecture, Omnia delivers exciting new residences with comfort and style. 
&nbsp;

3. The Fabric, Altona North 
Address: 188-198 Blackshaws Road, Altona North VIC 3025 
Two-bedroom townhomes from $695,000

[smartcode_project:default project_id=22699]

The Fabric, designed for liveability and increased comfort year-round, boasts a seven-star NatHERS energy rating.

Delivered by Mirvac, the Altona North development commits to contributing to a more sustainable future.

Leafy green tree-lined streets, contemporary architecture and private front gardens form the walkable master-planned community.

Renowned landscaping architects, Eckersley Garden Architecture, have designed courtyards with edible planter beds and a custom-designed Patchwork Park.

Neometro shines a light on the benefits of investing in sustainable projects. What it means for banks, developers, buyers and the environment combined

max.kwok_55688

Benefits for banks, buyers and the environment: Neometro shares its sustainability insights

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Record low interest rates and rising house prices are sustaining the new home construction market confidence into 2021, according to the HIA’s economist, Angela Lillicrap. 
  
The latest HIA New Home Sales report shows sales in the three months to February 2021 were up 60 per cent on the same three months in the previous year. 

"This strong result reflects the significant impact of HomeBuilder on demand for detached housing,” said Ms Lillicrap. 
  
“HomeBuilder was the catalyst for improving consumer confidence in the housing market." 
  
She noted the December 2020 surge of new home sales as households rushed to finalise contracts to build a new home before the end of the $25,000 grant. 
  
The HomeBuilder grant is now at $15,000 until March 30.

“We expect a surge in sales in March but due to the lower grant offering, this surge will not be as large as the December 2020 surge." 
  
“To receive the HomeBuilder grant, construction is required to commence within six months of signing a contract to build. As a consequence, it is possible that builders will delay the signing of some contracts to allow for greater flexibility and more detailed planning of projects."

<img alt="" height="1264" src="https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/pictures/article-images/hia_2021_graph.jpg" width="2068">

Sales in the three months February 2021 increased across Australia compared to the same time the previous year. 

South Australia is up by 149 per cent, followed by Victoria (+69 per cent) and Queensland (+60 per cent). New South Wales increased by 46 per cent and Western Australia is up by 25 per cent over the same period.

<h2>Recently listed properties:</h2>

[smartcode_project:default project_id=27575]

[smartcode_project:default project_id=2929]

[smartcode_project:default project_id=29048]
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Sales in the three months February 2021 increased across Australia compared to the same time the previous year. 

jchancellor

March to see mini HomeBuilder surge in new home sales: HIA

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EXPERT INSIGHT

Australia’s emerging build-to-rent sector is growing — “<a href="https://theurbandeveloper.com/articles/build-to-rent-boom">booming</a>” by some accounts with a <a href="https://www.cbre.com.au/about/media-center/australian-btr-pipeline-grows-by-70-in-one-year">70% jump in value in the past year</a>. Under this model, institutional investors develop purpose-built rental apartments to retain and operate under single ownership. In Australia, it will change how apartments are designed and developed, how we are housed and how our tenancies are managed.

With 40 projects under way, an <a href="https://www.cbre.com.au/about/media-center/australian-btr-pipeline-grows-by-70-in-one-year">estimated</a> 15,000 units worth more than A$10 billion are in the pipeline. Site availability has made Melbourne popular, with over 50% of the national market. Investors are active in Sydney, Perth and Queensland too.

Sought-after neighbourhoods are earmarked for large developments. Many have 300 or more units, most at market-rate rents.

Build-to-rent is new to our shores, but hardly uncharted territory abroad. In the UK, the sector expanded exponentially from 2013 with government support. It now accounts for <a href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/%20uploads/attachment_data/file/817037/FT1101_Trends_in_tenure.xlsx">one in five new homes built in England</a> and <a href="https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/housing-london">one in four in London</a>.

In the US, the built-to-rent sector is relatively mature. It makes up almost two-thirds of the rental stock in many of the largest cities. Heavyweight corporate landlords operate <a href="https://www.nmhc.org/research-insight/the-nmhc-50/top-50-lists/2020-top-managers-list/">as many as 400,000 units each</a>.

In Australia, we need more data and more informed public debate to guide tax, design, planning and tenancy reforms to secure the best possible urban and social outcomes from the build-to-rent expansion.

The build-to-rent promise

Build-to-rent presents an enticing vision. For households, it promises several things:

<ul>
<li>
	flexible long-term tenancies
	</li>
	<li>
	client-centric onsite management
	</li>
	<li>
	hotel-style amenities and services
	</li>
	<li>
	allowances for <a href="https://theconversation.com/can-i-have-a-pet-and-be-housed-too-it-all-depends-155202">pets</a> and personalisation, such as painting and decorating.
	</li>
</ul>
<figure class="align-center "> </figure>For cities, the model promises high-amenity, well-located, purpose-built rental apartments that cater to diverse and changing housing needs.

Proponents hail build-to-rent as a win-win. It’s seen as a salve for various housing woes, including concerns about housing <a href="https://www.ahuri.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0012/13242/AHURI-Final-Report-281-Housing-supply-responsiveness-in-Australia-distribution-drivers-and-institutional-settings.pdf">supply</a>, <a href="https://www.domain.com.au/news/housing-affordability-already-declining-across-the-nation-on-the-cusp-of-being-obliterated-1031061/">affordability</a>, the <a href="https://www.rentingcommissioner.vic.gov.au/the-rental-sector/key-issues">private rental sector</a> (including insecure tenancies and inexpert property and tenancy management) and <a href="https://theconversation.com/dealing-with-apartment-defects-a-how-to-guide-for-strata-owners-and-buyers-150292;%20https://theconversation.com/life-in-a-windowless-box-the-vertical-slums-of-melbourne-41181">apartment quality</a>.

Since the COVID-19 downturn, the model has been <a href="https://www.budget.vic.gov.au/place-call-home-victorias-big-housing-build">hailed</a> as an economic lifeline too: good for the construction sector, good for jobs.

Rise of a new asset class

For build-to-rent investors, the rental revenue returns appear relatively modest. Under current market conditions, however, secure margins and “lower (but) for longer” investment prospects appeal.

Advocates continue to push for <a href="https://urbis.com.au/insights-news/build-to-rent-stimulating-recovery-ensuring-resilience/;%20https://www.allens.com.au/globalassets/pdfs/campaigns/accelerating-build-to-rent-march19.pdf">tax reforms</a>. They point to a growing “<a href="https://info.propertycouncil.com.au/property-australia-blog/build-to-rent-growth-spurt-ahead">weight of capital</a>” awaiting more enticing returns. But many international <a href="https://theurbandeveloper.com/articles/oxford-gurner-move-on-melbourne-build-to-rent">build-to-rent behemoths</a>, superannuation/pension funds, private equity firms and real estate investment trusts are entering our private rental sector regardless.

Institutional investors’ entry into our rental sector contributes to a broader paradigm shift in urban housing systems dubbed the <a href="https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1468-2427.12522">financialisation</a> of (rental) housing.

States have endorsed build-to-rent, improving its viability with <a href="https://theconversation.com/why-nsw-is-skewing-its-tax-system-toward-build-to-rent-apartments-and-away-from-mum-and-pop-landlords-143594">land tax concessions</a>, exemption from foreign investor surcharges, privileged planning pathways and pilot projects (e.g. <a href="https://www.treasury.qld.gov.au/programs-and-policies/build-to-rent-pilot-project/">in Queensland</a>). The federal government’s position has been more ambiguous.

Crucially, the rise of build-to-rent sets in motion two important structural shifts

<ol>
<li>
	institutionalising the private rental sector
	</li>
	<li>
	diversifying residential development models.
	</li>
</ol>
Historically, <a href="https://grattan.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/901-Housing-affordability.pdf">small-portfolio “mum and dad” landlords</a> have owned and managed our rental stock. They are motivated by many of the same benefits (such as tax concessions and capital gains) and exposed to the same risks as owner-occupiers.

So we’ve had a high degree of integration between the private rental and owner-occupier sectors: few dwellings were purpose-built for renting and most homes were readily interchangeable between sectors.

Build to rent disrupts this integration. It replaces the fragmented ownership of apartment buildings under strata title laws with a single institutional owner.

Build to rent also diverges from familiar speculative build-to-sell development geared towards short-term profits. Its longer-term investment horizons give developers a new incentive to minimise a building’s running costs and to create apartments that appeal to and retain tenants.

So will it deliver?

Will build to rent provide high-quality, high-amenity, professionally managed rental homes? And at what scale, for how long, and at what costs to whom?

In the longer term, will this model disrupt the socio-political <a href="https://theconversation.com/three-reasons-the-government-promotes-home-ownership-for-older-australians-80200">twinning of home ownership and home</a>?

<hr>
Read more: <a href="https://theconversation.com/ideas-of-home-and-ownership-in-australia-might-explain-the-neglect-of-renters-rights-104849">Ideas of home and ownership in Australia might explain the neglect of renters’ rights</a> 

<hr>
Could build to rent be a catalyst for more progressive tenancy reforms, leading towards tenure neutrality/equality where ownership isn’t seen as automatically superior to renting?

These questions matter. <a href="https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/australias-welfare/home-ownership-and-housing-tenure">One in three</a> Australian households now rent their housing. Some <a href="https://theconversation.com/retiree-home-ownership-is-about-to-plummet-soon-little-more-than-half-will-own-where-they-live-115255">argue</a> we’re headed for a “post-ownership” society in which most people rent their homes.

<figure class="align-center zoomable"><a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/388738/original/file-20210310-21-71surk.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img alt="chart showing changes in proportions of households by tenure type" sizes=" 600px) 600px, 237px" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/388738/original/file-20210310-21-71surk.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/388738/original/file-20210310-21-71surk.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=384&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/388738/original/file-20210310-21-71surk.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=384&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/388738/original/file-20210310-21-71surk.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=384&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/388738/original/file-20210310-21-71surk.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=483&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/388738/original/file-20210310-21-71surk.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=483&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/388738/original/file-20210310-21-71surk.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=483&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w"></a>
</figure>Private rental was once a route to ownership. Now it’s a destination. Ownership has been delayed, become unattainable or been <a href="https://theconversation.com/i-wouldnt-want-to-buy-even-if-i-had-the-money-the-rise-of-renters-by-choice-130696">“traded off” for flexibility</a> and being able to live in desirable locations.

Tenants are also <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14036096.2018.1467964">more diverse</a>. There are more lower-income and higher-income earners and more families than ever before.

Renters endure short leases on often <a href="https://theconversation.com/chilly-house-mouldy-rooms-heres-how-to-improve-low-income-renters-access-to-decent-housing-116749">poorly maintained</a> properties owned by a cottage industry of “mum and dad” landlords. Social housing options are few and far between in a sector that has been marginalised and <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/https://www.ahuri.edu.au/research/final-reports/108">residualised</a>. More renters, <a href="https://theconversation.com/australia-had-rent-control-in-wartime-war-on-coronavirus-demands-the-same-response-135694">uncapped rents</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/an-open-letter-on-rental-housing-reform-103825">weak tenant protections</a> and <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-02-24/wage-price-index-abs/13187102">stagnating wages</a> make for a toxic mix of <a href="https://theconversation.com/australia-had-rent-control-in-wartime-war-on-coronavirus-demands-the-same-response-135694">housing stress</a> and financial risk.

<hr>
Read more: <a href="https://theconversation.com/build-to-rent-could-be-the-missing-piece-of-the-affordable-housing-puzzle-82320">'Build to rent' could be the missing piece of the affordable housing puzzle</a> 

<hr>
Reasons to proceed with caution

We don’t have robust evidence to answer these questions, but limited evidence suggests caution is well advised.

In Australia, build-to-rent properties look set to attract rents of about <a href="https://www.afr.com/property/residential/rental-only-apartments-test-tenants-appetite-in-a-weak-market-20200804-p55iij">10-15% more</a> than comparable non-BTR housing, just <a href="https://www.colliers.com/en-gb/news/09-07-18-firm-evidence-that-build-to-rent-schemes-command-higher-rents">as they have in London</a>. Without government subsidies, market-rate BTR <a href="https://cityfutures.be.unsw.edu.au/documents/558/LCOM_0000_Build_to_Rent_Report_WEB.pdf">will not provide more affordable housing</a>.

Overseas, these rental premiums, alongside planning leniency (which reduced the affordable housing required of these developments), have been blamed for <a href="https://www.ft.com/2020living">poor outcomes</a>, such as residents being priced out of neighbourhoods they could once afford.

In Ireland, permissive planning concessions enable build-to-rent developers to circumvent design standards. This has <a href="https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/15f0b-design-standards-for-new-apartments-dsfna-2018/">raised concerns</a> that build-to-rent may deliver smaller, less diverse and lower-amenity housing (less storage, for example) than standard build-to-sell development.

In New South Wales, BTR developments <a href="https://www.treasury.nsw.gov.au/sites/default/files/2021-02/Treasurer%E2%80%99s%20Guidelines%20for%20the%20Reduction%20in%20Land%20Value%20for%20Certain%20Build-to-rent%20Properties%2C%20for%20Land%20Tax%20Purposes.pdf">cannot be subdivided for 15 years</a> (without clawback of land tax concessions). This ensures buildings remain in use as rental stock for that period. But what will happen after that?

<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/megan-nethercote-156060">Megan Nethercote</a>, ARC DECRA Fellow at the Centre for Urban Research, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/rmit-university-1063">RMIT University</a>

This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/build-to-rent-surge-will-change-apartment-living-for-australians-but-for-better-or-worse-154839">original article</a>.
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In Australia, we need more data and more informed public debate to guide tax, design, planning and tenancy reforms to secure the best possible outcome for build-to-rent

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